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V S K Murthy Balijepalli, IIT Bombay
Blackout-2:
The reason for this black-out can be a sudden load pick-up in NR during the afternoon which caused a overloading and subsequent cascade tripping of transmission ties with WR and ER. The NR not learning a lesson from the previous day black-out were again the culprit, committing the crime of overdrawing in a system which has just recovered a major black-out. Besides NR getting isolated from the rest of the NEW grid, over-speeding of generators in the ER and NER caused generators in these regions to trip resulting in a bigger black-out spreading across three regions affecting 22 Indian states (640 million people) altogether.
Download NLDC preliminary Report on blackout-2 (click here)–
As per NLDC report, it has been confirmed that the blackout-2 happened to affect the entire NEW grid except the western region, part of the Delhi system, System through Strelite/IBTPS and CESC system.
Why only the Northern states in the NEW grid were affected?
WR is the only region in the NEW grid which has survived. Many of the experts in the internal Indian technical forums say that the survival is mere luck. However, when we thought on seriously for the reason, we have found some very interesting facts. We have recollected the discussions we had with Maharashtra state load dispatch center (comes under WR) in June’12.
Maharashtra is the main load center in the western region with more than 15GW load met on daily average basis and also a participant in the central ABT/UI mechanism. All the Indian states fall under the same model of central ABT/UI mechanism (i.e frequency linked structure) and some have envisaged to extend it to the intra-state level for the settlement of imbalances during the day of operation. However, the only state in the India happens to be Maharashtra in WR which has actually implemented a marginal cost based settlement for real-time imbalances (Intra ABT). Due to the marginal cost based settlement, the constituents (DISCOMS, captive power plants, independent power producers, etc.) in the Maharashtra state are discouraged from overdrawing the free power during the high grid frequency periods (>50.2Hz). If they overdraw during those periods, the state will penalize them indirectly by making them pay the merit order based marginal cost prevailing at that point of time.
DesiSmartGrid believes that this might be the prime reason that has helped the WR not to overdraw during those critical times of the grid and made grid remain secure. We confirmed this outcome after studying the states UI schedule/drawl behaviour before & after the blackouts.
Some Useful Links:
Primary Response related (click here)
Frequency support Ancillary Service related (click here)
Operational constraint related
(In the Part-2 of this story, we shall provide a critical review of the situations and thus come-up with the requirements of the Indian grid in order to cope with such situations in future)
V S K Murthy Balijepalli, IIT Bombay
Comments
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Excellent post. Many states in India, especially south Indian, are struggling with same problem that is the power problem, for last few years. Still the responsible people are not at all taking any action and they are ignoring the people. Hope thisthisthis article becomes an eye-opener tototototo them. I am very glad that you shared.
A very informative post. Although, Indian power structure is always on the lapse and with the ever growing industrial and domestic needs and with the power charges conforming to the international price rates, the situation is to get worse.
The power grid failures are not just because of the decreasing amount of coal in the country. It is mainly due to the corruption that has been ruling the country. The coal scam explains it all. I hope the problem gets solved very soon.
I also tried to jot down some points related to National Grid Failure before the final report of CEA was out. BTW You covered most of the points ..Superb..
I Believe blog, “Part-1: India Power Grid Blackouts- An Insight Into The Curious
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As I uderstand higer withdrawal of power by power hungry region is not a new issue. However it is most intruiging to know that how Grid managers have not put automatic protection systems to isolate healthy systems automatically instead of watching the over withdrawal. It is obvious that the tripping of the overloaded tie has to result the under frequency & over frquency frequency in defaulting regional grid & the grid helping the more withdrawal respectively. It appears that we do not have regional or local grid level protection systems like small islanding to tackle both type of over frequency & under frequency problems except tripping of the generators
It has been claimed during various technical meetings/ conferences,by EHV & HV transmission grid managers that modern protection systems like synchrophasor Units are in place at regional ties to monitor the regional grid systems .
We have not learnt any lessons to avoide Black Out like North Ameircan in the 2003, we would be learning by hard way.
It is high time that we should invest in Indigenous R&D for self-healing features of powergrid with autonomic features & dynamic demand management systems.
In my view the reasons for this blackout can be the a sum of various condition prevailing in the system.Now the government should try to to enforce the laws very strictly like in USA and UK.CERC should enforce stricter action for both underdrawal in case of high frequency and overdrawal in case of low frequency.More power is required to be given to respective RLDCs.
Apart from that we now need better visualization of grid. Now time has come to ISGTF to work on these things with a faster approach.Time has come to make the Academia, industry and grid management to come to common platform and develop the solution.
In my view the reasons for this blackout can be the a sum of various condition prevailing in the system.Now the government should try to to enforce the laws very strictly like in USA and UK.CERC should enforce stricter action for both underdrawal in case of high frequency and overdrawal in case of low frequency.More power is required to be given to respective RLDCs.
Apart from that we now need better visualization of grid. Now time has come to ISGTF to work on these things with a faster approach.Time has come to make the Academia, industry and grid management to come to common platform and develop the solution.